The present study examined how the Japanese unmarried people, under the current situations of declining birthrate, think about marriage and child-rearing in general, and also their own marriage and child-rearing. Ninetysix male and fifty-five female undergraduate students participated in this study and answered the questionnaires including the 7 items regarding these questions with open-ended formats. The resulting data indicated: (1) the female participants had more realistic and concrete images on marriage in general than the male participants, (2) both they strongly expected their partners to have the Japanese traditional ideas on gender roles, (3) they thought that child-rearing made them feel happy, but required financial costs, namely, much money, with overloading their abilities, (4) the male participants expected to recognize their mental growth with child-rearing, but the female participants had no such expectation, (5) they had conventional values on marriage, and their values on child-rearing were exerted by social influences.