Surgical Approaches to Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Mandibular Condylar Fractures

Fractures of the mandibular condyle make up a significant proportion of all mandibular fractures. Open reduction and internal fixation has become the standard treatment for subcondylar fractures as a result of recent advancements in technology, the development of osteosynthesis devices, enhanced surgical techniques, and the introduction of various feasible surgical approaches. This clinical mini-review discusses several routine intraoral (with or without endoscopic assistance) and extraoral ( e.g., preauricular, retromandibular, submandibular, and high-submandibular) surgical approaches to open treatment of open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular condylar fractures. It focuses on the features of these approaches as well as their clinical applicability and complications.