勤労女性の子育て支援に関して,そのニーズを明らかにするために,看護職者出雲圏内989人(以下,地方群とする)と大阪府内853人(以下,都市部群とする)を対象として,その育児状況と家族の関わりに関して自記式質問票による調査を行った。その結果,子育て経験ありは,地方群525名(61%),都市部群156名(23%)だった。子ども数の平均は,地方群2.3人,都市部群1.9人で有意差があった(Pく0.001)。家族形態は,都市部群では68%が核家族世帯で,地方群では義父母同居家族60%,実父母同居家族が20%であった。育児休業の取得割合は,地方群では子ども数が多くなるほど高くなり,都市部群ではその反対の結果がみられた。育児サポートの割合の比較は,夫のサポートは都市部群が有意に高く(P〈O.001),義父母,実父母のサポートは地方群が有意に高い(P<O,O01)ことがわかった。また,家族から受ける育児サポートの満足度の比較では,両群共に夫からが一番高く,サポートのニーズとして,夫に多くを求めていることが示唆された。
The purpose of this study was to clarify child-rearing requirements among employed mothers. A self-administered questionnaire survey of child rearing status and family support was conducted among 989 nurses in lzumo City (rural group) and 853 in Osaka prefecture (urban group). The results showed that 525 (610/0) nurses in the rural group and 156 (23010) in the urban group had had experience with child-rearing. The mean number of children was significant]y higher(P<0.001) in the rural group (2.3 children) than in the urban group (1.9 children). Sixty-eight pereent of the urban group lived in nuclear families, sixty percent of the rural group lived with parents-in-law and twenty percent of the rural nurses lived with their own parents. In the rural group the proportion of nurses taking maternity leave increased with the number of children bom, whereas the opposite result was observed in the urban group. With regard to the proportion of husbands assisting with child-rearing support, this
proportion was significantly high (P<0.001) in the urban group, while the support of the parents-in-law and/or parents was significantly high(P<0.001) in the rural group. In both groups the degree of satisfaction with family provided child-rearing support was highest from the husband assisted with the child rearing. This result suggested that wives want their husbands to play a more active role in providing support for ehild-rearing.