島根農科大学研究報告

Shimane Agricultural College

ISSN:0559-8311

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島根農科大学研究報告 9

1961-03-31 発行

降雨流出に関する解析的考察 : 降雨流出の線型性と非線型性について

Analytical Consideration on the Relation between Rainfall and Runoff : Linearity and Non-linearity on the Relation between Rainfall and Runoff

Toyokuni, Eiji

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　自然現象としての降雨流出を考える場合，降雨，流出はそれぞれ原因，結果の関係にあり，しかもその降雨にもとすく流出は流域の地表域におけるInterception，Depression　storage，Infiltration，Detention　Storage，ならぴに河道域におけるChannel storage など流出機構上あらわれる諸現象に支配されるものである．したがって特定流域に対して観測されたHydrographは流域条件と降雨条件に基く流出特性を表示するものである．
　降雨に基く流出現象は厳密には非線型性をもち，殊に急勾配の地表並びに流路をもつ我国の中小河川ではその影響が大きい事が指摘され，工学的実用性を考慮した線型的取扱あるいは非線型的取扱がなされてきた．一方米国におけるような大河川の流域とか．
平地部を主要な流域とする排水地域など貯留効果の大きい場合，線型仮定にもとずく　Unit-graph　method　の適合度は高く，この方法の簡明さと共に有用性が高まった．
　本文はまず解析方法の基礎となる降雨流出関係の線型性，非線型性を検討するため，線型理論を用いた解析方法を述べると共に，これを山地域（大阪府狭山池流域），水田地域（滋賀県家棟川流域）について適用し検討考察したものである。ここで用いる線型理論は，「流出が流域の降雨の応答曲線である」と考える自動制御に使用されている方法を援用したもので，すでにM・Cuenod　もこれを用いて解析を進めている．

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