看護師のキャリア・ニーズの実態−一医療施設の検討−

The aim of this study was to define the career needs of nurses working at a medical facility. We analyzed data from 414 nurses using an original questionnaire we developed to ask about career anchor, major fields of study, and thinking about one's future career. Results suggested that nurses showed some consideration for their future careers, but it depended on their years of nursing experience. For example, nurses with less than 10 years experience had often not found their future nursing purpose yet, while nurses with over 10 years often planned a career anchor as a generalist or specialist. There were some nurses with over 10 years experience and no career anchor, Nurses with over 30 years experience often wished to become nursing managers. Four categories including 'high motivation-oriented," "keeping the present state," "negative career oriented," and "system to encourage learning" were categorized from descriptive responses about their future careers. Results suggested a need for an organizational support system and career counseling for nurses who have had no time to consider their career path because they were so busy working. In fact, some nurses still had not found a specific purpose even though they had been nursing over several years.

本研究の目的は,一医療施設に所属する看護職のキャリア・ニーズの実態を明らかにすることである。414名の看護職者に,キャリア志向や目指す分野,キャリア`アップに対する思い等について,独自に作成した調査用紙を用いて調査した。経験年数別の分析の結果,10年未満ではまだ何を目指すか定まらず,10年以降でジェネラリストやスペシャリスト志向を固め,30年以上で管理者へと,経験にあわせたキャリア・アップが考えられていた。一方,10年以上でも特定のキャリア志向を持たない者がいた。キャリア・アップに対する自由記述をカテゴリー化した結果,「意欲的志向」「現状維持的志向」「否定的志向」「学習支援体制」の4つが抽出された。意欲はあるものの現状維持が精一杯でキャリアについて考える余裕がない,年数を重ねても志向が定まらないという看護職者のために,組織としての支援システムやキャリア・カウンセリング等の必要性が示唆された。