Prediction of postoperative complications and survival after laparoscopic gastrectomy using preoperative Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index in elderly gastric cancer patients

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Background
Preoperative nutritional assessment of cancer patients is important to reduce postoperative complications. Several studies have reported the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) to be useful in assessing underlying diseases and long-term outcomes of hospitalized patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of preoperative GNRI on short- and long-term outcomes in elderly gastric cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy and had R0 resection for histologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma. The cutoff value for preoperative GNRI was determined to be 85.7 based on the incidence of postoperative complications. Patients were categorized into two groups: low GNRI group and normal GNRI group.

Results
Univariate analyses of the 303 patients revealed that the incidence of postoperative complications was significantly associated with the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification (ASA-PS), C-reactive protein (CRP), GNRI (p < 0.001), and operative procedure. Multivariate analyses revealed that preoperative GNRI (odds ratio [OR] 2.716; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.166–6.328; p = 0.021) and operative procedure (OR 2.459; 95% CI 1.378–4.390; p = 0.002) were independently associated with the incidence of postoperative complications.

Univariate analyses showed that overall survival (OS) was significantly associated with ASA-PS, tumor size, tumor differentiation, pathological tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CRP, GNRI, and postoperative complications. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that ASA-PS (hazard ratio [HR], 3.755; 95% CI 2.141–6.585; p < 0.001), tumor differentiation (HR 1.898; 95% CI 1.191–3.025; p = 0.007), CEA (HR 1.645; 95% CI 1.024–2.643; p = 0.040), and GNRI (HR 2.093; 95% CI 1.105–3.963; p = 0.023) independently predicted OS.

Conclusion
GNRI is an important predictor of postoperative complications and overall survival in elderly gastric cancer patients. It is a reliable and cost-effective prognostic indicator that should be routinely evaluated.