Studies of san'in region

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Studies of san'in region 12
2019-12-31 発行

過疎地域における生活困窮の特質とその把握方法 ―生活困窮者自立支援事業ケース記録の自由記述分析を通じて―

The traits of neediness in depopulated regions and a method for clarifying such traits: A free descriptive analysis of case records of self-reliance support projects for needy persons
Kagawa, Mitsuhiro Faculty of Human Sciences
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Description
本研究の目的は、過疎地域における生活困窮者自立支援事業の展開状況の特質を明らかにすることである。事例として、過疎地域指定を受けている島根県A市での事業を取り上げた。研究の特徴は次の2 つである。まず、「過疎」と「困窮」の両者を扱う研究は少ないという点である。過疎地域の研究では、高齢者の生活課題が議論の中心であった。しかし、過疎地域であっても、生活困窮に関連する課題は、高齢化に限らず多様であることを示す。次に、研究方法として、生活困窮者支援ケース記録の自由記述を分析するという手法を採る。これにより、国が実施する全国規模の調査では表出しない、過疎地域の実態を描く。結論部分では、過疎地域の生活困窮者の置かれた状況について3 点述べた。第一に、生活困窮者は、地域に滞留している高齢者ばかりではなく、UI ターンといった流入者も一定数ある。しかも、高齢者よりも現役世代の割合が高い。第二に、家族・親族が困窮者に何らかの関与を行っている。家族・親族は、サポート要因となる場合と、非サポート要因になる場合とがある。第三に、過疎地域の生活環境が、生活困窮者とその支援に影響を与えている。たとえば、公共交通手段の不十分さや、社会資源の不足などである。
The purpose of this study is to clarify the state of implementation of self-reliance support projects for needy persons in depopulated regions. The case studied is a project in City A in Shimane Prefecture, which has been designated as a depopulated region. This study has two major focal points. First, few studies deal with both depopulation and neediness. In studies of depopulated regions, the challenges facing the elderly have been the focus of discussion. However, depopulated regions face a diversity of need-related challenges in addition to aging. Second, the method used in this study is an analysis of free descriptions in case records of self-reliance support projects for needy people. This portrays the actual state of depopulated regions, which cannot be expressed by a nationwide survey conducted by the national government. The conclusion reports on three aspects of the position of poor and needy people in depopulated regions. First, needy people include not only the elderly who reside in the region but also a number of new arrivals from cities (U-turners and I-turners). Of these new arrivals who are poor, those of working age outnumber the elderly. Second, family members and relatives are involved in the lives of needy people in some way. Family members and relatives are, in some cases, support factors, and in other cases, non-support factors. Third, the living conditions of a depopulated region impact the needy and the support they receive. Examples include inadequate public transportation or a shortage of social resources. As explained above, this study succeeds in clarifying the traits of needy people in depopulated regions because it was conducted by analyzing free descriptions.
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