この研究の目的は,地方群と都市部群で育児経験がある看護職者が子育てについてどのようなストレスを感じ,どのように対処したかを明らかにすることである。看護職者出雲圏内989人(以下,地方群とする)と大阪府内853人(以下,都市部群とする)を対象として,育児ストレスと対処行動に関して自記式質問票による調査を行った。子育てが経験ある地方群525名(61%),都市部群156名(23%)の看護職者を分析した。その結果,育児ストレスでは「仕事をすることで子どもにすまない」,「母親として十分に役割が果たせない」「3歳まで母親が育児をすべきである」の項目で,都市部群より地方群の方が有意に多く見られた。家族形態で,地方群は義父母同居が核家族,実父母同居より有意に多く,都市部群では差が見られなかった。育児ストレスの対処行動では,「問題に対して異なった解決策を導いた」が地方群より都市部群が有意に多く見られた。対処モードの「直接行為」,「情報の収集」,「行為の抑制」,「認知的対処」を家族形態別に検定したが有意差は見られなかった。以上のことから育児ストレスが都市部群より地方群の看護職者に多いのは,義父母同居によるストレスが影響し,対処行動は家族形態に相違があるにも関わらず同じような結果であったのは,看護職者自身のストレス対処能力が高いのではないかと考えられる。
The purpose of this study is to investigate what kind of stress nurses who have child-rearing have, and how they deal with it in the rural group and in the urban group. A self-adnrinistered questionnaire survey of child-rearing stress and eoping was conducted among 989 nurses in izumo City (rural group) and 853 in Osaka prefecture (urban group). It analyzed that 525 (61%) nurses in the rural group and 156(23%) in the urban group had experience with child-rearing.
The results show that as for the stress of child-rearing, nurses who made such comments as: "I'm sorry for children", "I can't play a proper role as a mother", and "Mothers should take care of their children until three years old", were more common in the rural group. As for the family structure, in the rural group the number of nurses who live with their parents-in-low is significantly larger than of those who live in nuclear families or who live with their own parents.
On the other hand, there is not a significant difference in the urban group. As for coping with child-rearing stress, the number of nurses finding different solution the problem is larger in the urban group than in the rural.
Regarding direct action, information collection, among the different family structure groups action control, and cognitive coping, we could not observe any difference.
According to the results of this study, the reason why more nurses in local areas suffer from child-rearing stress than nurses in the rural group is suggested to be related with the added stress caused by living with their parents' in-law.
For coping strategies, we got almost the same results in spite of the differences in family structures. This might suggest that the nurses are generally able to cope with stress.