明治期の地域資源活用による農村振興の実現要因と農会の役割 : 鳥取県日野郡の郡是・村是を事例に

日本農業は、グローバル化と高齢化による村落の機能低下、消滅対策として地域資源活用による農村振興が中心課題となってきた。既存研究では、農村振興を必要とする地域がそれを受け入れられない理由、また農外兼業が農村振興に果たす役割についての考察が不十分であった。明治期の「民間運動的色彩の段階」の町村是は、調査に基づき地域全産業の課題を明らかにし、「一村経営」改善を示す農村振興策である。本稿はそうした町村是のその普及・定着要因について考察した。その結果、農村振興を必要とする地域に直接講演に行ったこと、雑誌刊行したこと、容易に農村振興策を作成できる調査手法の完成が町村是の普及に繋がった。さらに、鳥取県日野郡においては、郡全域の経営者、被雇用者、特に冬場副業としての砂鉄収集と運搬による収入に依存する農家等住民は、共通するタタラ製鉄の衰退対策を必要とした。そうした郡全体の必要性に応えて、郡役所の支援を受けた郡農会主導により、調査に基づく郡是と全村是が作成された。ただ、日本全体の産業資本の発達による農工分離が進む中で、農会と商工会に分離したために 農業対策が中心の限定的な郡是・村是となった。

As for the agriculture in Japan, farm village promotion by the local resources utilization became the central problem as globalization and the functional decline of the village by the aging, extinction measures. In the existing study, the reason why it was not received the area that needed farm village promotion, the consideration about the role that agriculture outside another job carried out for farm village promotion again were insufficient. Chousonze of "the private exercise stage" of the Meiji period clarifies a problem of all area industry based on an investigation and is a farm village promotion plan indicating "one village management" improvement. In this report, I examined a factor to spread in the area of Chousonze. As a result, having gone to the area that needed farm village promotion for a direct lecture, having published a magazine, completion of the investigation technique that could make a farm village promotion plan easily were connected for the spread of Chousonze. Furthermore, in Hino-country, Tottori, the manager, the employee of the whole county particularly the inhabitants such as the farmhouses which depended on the income by iron sand collection and the transportation as the side business in winter needed the decline measures of the common Tatara iron manufacture. In response to the need of the whole this county, Gunze ＆ Sonze based on the investigation were made by the county agricultural association leadership that received the support of the county government office. But it was in restrictive Gunze ＆ Sonze mainly involving the farming improvement while agriculture and industry separation advanced by the development of the Japanese overall industrial capital because it separated in an agricultural association and a commercial and industrial meeting.