The spores of Barbula unguiculata, Bartramia crispata, Mnium microphyllum, Dicranum japonicum need one or two weeks for germination. They elongated germ tube from one or two sides of spore and developed into the filamentous protonema. These filaments showed the positive phototrophic character. In culture experiment in Spring the protonema system was formed in about two months respectively. The bud of leafy plant of Barbula unguiculata, Bartramia crispata, Mnium microphyllume, Dicranum japonicum grew on the main and branch filament which crawled on the substratum but in Pogonatum inflexum, no buds of leafy plant were found during one year of the culture. The buds produced as a protuberance, in which contained rich cytoplasm and chloroplasts.