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Review
Author
MUCHTAR, Amrizal Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan / Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, 90231, Indonesia
KARTIKA, Visi Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan / Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, 90231, Indonesia
DAN, Ding Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan / Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
KANG, Yuting Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan / Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
Nagoshi, Kiwamu Health and Medical Division, Bureau of Personnel and Education, Ministry of Defense, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8801, Japan
KANEHIRO, Yuichi Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan
IIZASA, Hisashi Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan
YOSHIYAMA, Hironori Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan
Description
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) belongs to the family of Hepadnaviridae and infects more than 2 billion people over the world. Children less than 5 years of age who become infected with the HBV are the most likely to develop chronic infection and eventually proceeds to liver cancer, which accounts for 33% cancer deaths. Prevention of HBV transmission is essential to reduce the risk of liver cancer. In order to reduce HBV transmission, it is necessary to apply a comprehensive prevention system to block vertical and horizontal transmission. Vertical transmission of HBV from mother to child is the most frequent cause in the developing countries. The HBV status of HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBV DNA in all pregnant women is screened to prevent transmission from the prenatal stage. Antiviral therapy should be considered, if HBV DNA exceeds 5 log10 copies/ ml. Horizontal transmission in the postnatal period can be prevented by universal HBV vaccination. However, if the HBeAg status of the mother becomes positive during the pregnancy, additional treatment of hepatitis B immunoglobulin, HBIG is required. Unfortunately, in most countries, comprehensive prevention systems that block vertical and horizontal transmission are not applied due to cost issues and inconvenience of transportation for residents. The vaccination program has not been appropriately established in all countries, even though the universal HBV vaccination has been widely introduced. Because of such circumstances, the rate of HBV transmission is still at high level.
Subject
HBV
horizontal transmission
vaccine
liver cancer
prenatal stage
postnatal stage
Journal Title
Shimane Journal of Medical Science
Volume
37
Issue
1
Start Page
13
End Page
20
ISSN
03865959
ISSN(Online)
24332410
Published Date
2020-03
NCID
AA00841586
Publisher
Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University
Publisher Aalternative
島根大学医学部
NII Type
Departmental Bulletin Paper
Format
PDF
Rights
Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University
Text Version
出版社版
OAI-PMH Set
Faculty of Medicine
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